Identifying the small number of rare causal variants contributing to disease has beena major focus of investigation in recent years. but represents a formidable statisticalchallenge due to the rare frequencies with which these variants are observed. In thiscommentary we draw attention to a formal statistical framework. namely hierarchicalmodeling. https://www.spidertattooz.com/CND-Shellac-Field-Fox-0-5-oz-p13562/